英語國家概況自考2015年10月真題及答案解析

該試卷為自考英語國家概況歷年真題試卷，包含答案及詳細解析。

一、單項選擇題

Multiple Choice Questions (50 points, 1 points for each) Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statements or answers the question. Blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

1.The Vikings, who came form_______, attacked various parts of England form the end of the 8th century.

A.Norway
B.France
C.Germany
D.Denmark

2.The Celts began to arrive at Britain around______and kept coming until the arrival of the Romans.

A.600 BC
B.600 AD
C.700 BC
D.700 AD

3.Among the British kings, ______ was known as “the Confessor” because of his religious piety.

A.Hemy Ⅱ
B.King AIfred
C.King Harold
D.King Edward

4.The Domesday Book states all the following EXCEPT_______.

A.the history of the land
B.the ownership of the land
C.the value of the land
D.the extent of the land

5.The spirit of Magna Carta was_______.

A.the increasing of the powers of serfs
B.the limitation of the powers of the king
C.the increasing of the powers of the Church
D.the limitation of the powers of the Norman lords

6.The causes of the Hundred Years’ War was partly_______ and partly economic.

A.racial
B.political
C.religious
D.territorial

7.In British history, the First Civil War broke out in_______.

A.1640
B.1642
C.1645
D.1649

8.The main causes for Henry Ⅷ’s religious reform of the Church were the following EXCEPT_______.

A.pressure from the Pope
B.Henry’s need for money
C.accumulated desire for change and reform in the Church
D.public resentment for the privilege and wealth of the clergy

9._______was the only monarch that was condemned to death and executed in British history.

A.Charles Ⅰ
B.Charles Ⅱ
C.James Ⅰ
D.James Ⅱ

10.A good result of the agricultural enclosure was that_______.

A.tenants were evicted from their lands
B.riots erupted in many areas where the peasant farmers went
C.a new class hostility was introduced into rural relationships
D.farms became bigger and bigger units as the great bought up the small

11.The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the______.

A.late 16th century and early 17th century
B.late 17th century and early 18th century
C.late 18th century and early 19th century
D.late 19th century and early 20th century

12.Which of the following is TRUE about Britain in World War II?

A.It lost all her national wealth.
B.It was left gravely impoverished.
C.It devoted half of her strength to the war.
D.It entered a period of economic and financial boom.

13._______, who found that his policy of appeasement of German aggression was no longer tenable, was forced to declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939.

A.Churchill B. George VI
B.Chamberlain D. Elizabeth Ⅱ

14.In January 1973, Britain finally became a full member of the______.

A.Commonwealth
B.European Economic Community
C.North Atlantic Treaty Organization
D.Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

15.The interval between General Elections in the U.K. is ______years.

A.2
B.4
C.5
D.8

16.The two major parties in Britain since 1945 are_______.

A.the Whig Party and the Tory Party
B.the Labor Party and the Liberal Party
C.the Labor Party and the Conservative Party
D.the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party

17.In the U.K., government ministers are responsible collectively to_______for all Cabinet decisions.

A.the Queen
B.the Parliament
C.the Privy Council
D.the Prime Minister

18.In Britain, _______is the largest of the Free Churches, originated in the 18th century following the evangelical revival under John Wesley (1703-1791).

A.the Methodist Church
B.the Baptist Church
C.the Church of England
D.the Church of Scotland

19.Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Open University?

A.It is a non-residential university.
B.It is open to all to become students.
C.It admits students only from Britain.
D.It offers degree and other courses for adult students of all ages.

20._______, the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe, has its traditional home in England.

A.Golf
B.Football
C.Cricket
D.Basketball

21.In the late 15th century, supported by the Spanish queen, Christopher Columbus, ________, discovered the New World.

A.an Italian navigator
B.a Danish navigator
C.an English navigator
D.a Portuguese navigator

22.One of the features of the early colonists which play a role in the formation of American character is_______.

A.religious intolerance
B.respect of individual rights
C.strong form of government
D.discouragement of individual enterprise

23.In September 1783, _______was signed and Britain recognized the independence of the United State.

A.the Articles of Confederation
B.the Bill of Rights
C.the Declaration of Independence
D.the Treaty of Paris

24.The Articles of Confederation was very important in all the following EXCEPT that______.

A.it provided for no king
B.it declared independence from Great Britain
C.it was a written constitution for the United States
D.it created a central government in the form of a Congress

25.The American Civil War broke out mainly because________.

A.Abraham Lincoln was elected president
B.Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published
C.the southern states controlled land, raw materials and labor that the North needed
D.the southern states broke away from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America

26.On August 4, 1914, American President______issued an official statement proclaiming American neutrality in the First World War.

A.Harry Truman
B.Theodore Roosevelt
C.Woodrow Wilson
D.Franklin D. Roosevelt

27.In the U.S., the first blow to the stock market came on October 24, 1929, which was called ________.

A.the black Monday
B.the black Friday
C.the black Thursday
D.the black Tuesday

28.The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to_______.

A.abolish social security systems
B.reduce government regulation and control
C.discourage industries from developing too fast
D.“save American democracy” as he himself put it

29.The American containment policy towards the Soviet Union, made by President Truman in 1949, lasted until_______.

A.1975
B.1989
C.1991
D.1998

30._______was the result of the struggle between the great powers for control of the world and military expansion of the countries of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and militarist Japan.

A.The Cold War
B.The Korean War
C.The First World War
D.The Second World War

31._______was NOT a cornerstone of the postwar American economic boom.

A.Increasing investment in agriculture
B.An ever-increasing military spending
C.Automobile manufacturing for the growing new communities
D.A construction boom to provide houses and schools for all children

32.In February 1972, President_______visited China and met Chairman Mao and the two countries issued the Shanghai Communique.

A.Nixon
B.Carter
C.Ford
D.Reagan

33.In the postwar years the United States continued to emphasize government involvement and adopted the ________in running the economy.

A.Keynesian theory
B.Marxist theory
C.Truman Doctrine
D.Monetarist policies

34.Apart from the stagnation, the American economy is now facing another problem of_______.

A.foreign debts and trade deficit
B.foreign debts and trade surplus
C.overproduction and trade deficit
D.overproduction and trade surplus

35.The three giants in auto industry in the U.S. are_______.

A.General Motors, Ford, Chrysler
B.General Motors, Toyota, Chrysler
C.General Motors, Nissan, Chrysler
D.General Motors, Volkswagen, Chrysler

36.According to the provisions for constitutional amendment, the Congress may initiate an amendment by a_______vote in each house.

A.half
B.one-third
C.two-thirds
D.three-fourths

37.In order to be successful, a candidate for the U.S. Presidency must receive at least_______electoral votes.

A.200
B.270
C.435
D.538

38. The ambassadors, ministers and consuls appointed by the U.S. President must be confirmed by the _______.

A.Senate
B.House
C.Supreme Court
D.State Department

39.Which statement about the American political parties is NOT true?

A.In general, America has a two-party system.
B.The Constitution makes no provisions for political parties.
C.Political parties are the basis of the American political system.
D.The Democrats and the Republicans dominate politics only at the federal level.

40._______were those American writers who reported truthfully and objectively the life in the slums in the last decades of the 19th century and first decade of the 20th century.

A.Realists
B.Naturalists
C.Transcendentalists
D.Modernist

41.The Prairie Provinces which lie west of Ontario are ideal for______and are thinly settled.

A.fishing
B.mining
C.tourism
D.growing wheat

42.After the Seven Years’ War from 1756 to 1763, the French were forced to give Up_______of Canada to Britain.

A.parts
B.the east
C.the whole
D.the northwest

43.By the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada_______.

A.took Newfoundland as its tenth province
B.became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations
C.found rich oil fields in Alberta and other western provinces
D.opened the St. Lawrence Seaway for further growth in economy

44.In 1921 the British signed the Anglo-Irish Treaty to_______.

A.start a civil war
B.keep Ireland out of World War Ⅱ
C.found the Irish Republican Army
D.establish an Irish Free State in Northern Ireland

45.Henry VIII was the first king to bring all_______under English control.

A.Wales
B.Europe
C.Ireland
D.Scotland

46.Most of Australia lies between 20°S and 35°S which is a_______area in the world.

A.hot and wet
B.hot and dry
C.dry and windy
D.dry and sunny

47.In Australia, traffic drives on the_______of the road.

A.single line
B.middle
C.right side
D.left side

48.In Australia, as people with different traditions and customs interact with each other, a peculiar blend of different______will be emerging.

A.politics
B.societies
C.cultures
D.philosophies

49.The Lake of Taupo was formed by a(n)_______.

A.big tsunami
B.horrible flood
C.terrible earthquake
D.enormous volcanic eruption

50.Since_______, earthquakes in New Zealand do not usually cause many deaths.

A.the land is hilly
B.there are many mountain lakes
C.many areas of the country are not heavily populated
D.the central plateau in North Island is dominated by 3 volcanic mountains

二、回答問題

Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(30 points, 3 points for each)

11.What was one of the most far-reaching consequences of the Second World War to Britain?

12.Who is the current heir to the British throne according to law and convention?

13.What kind of service does the National Health Service (NHS) provide in the U.K.?

14.What does Oxbridge stand for?

15.What is the major difference the Puritans and the Pilgrims in American colonial times?

16.What important proclamation did President Lincoln issue to make the Civil War a just one?

17.What is the basic instrument of American government and the supreme law of the land?

18.What is American’s most important patriotic holiday?

19.What is the name of the radio educational system through which children learn their lessons in Australia?

110.Politically how many states and territories does Australia have?

三、解釋術(shù)語

Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points each)

21.Black Death

22.Civil List

23.The U.S. Presidency

24.The Cuban Missile Crisis